中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

使命光荣 任务艰巨******

使命光荣 任务艰巨

讲述人：兰州大学动物医学与生物安全学院青年研究员 朱国梁

　　作为一名刚踏入高校工作的青年教师，我深刻感受到党和国家对教育、科技的高度重视，也深刻认识到作为高校科研工作者的光荣使命和艰巨任务。

兰州大学校园景色 兰州大学供图

　　今年7月，我从位于北京的中国科学院生物物理研究所毕业，怀着忐忑和憧憬，第一次来到甘肃兰州。这次旅行的目的是实地考察国内几所高校，以便选择其中一所入职，第一站便是兰州大学。尽管晚上10点多才到酒店，学院领导仍然非常热情地带我去参观实验室，深情讲述科研团队的发展历史和未来规划，我们畅谈到12点多才结束。躺在酒店的床上，我久久不能入睡，做出了人生中最重大的决定：我要留在兰州，加入建设西部、发展西部的大军中。

　　我所在的动物医学与生物安全学院是兰州大学和中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所着眼科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略而展开强强联合的成果。学院着力在动物医学和生物安全两大学科领域开展高水平基础研究与应用研究，致力于在生物安全、动物医药、动物养殖等领域和行业为国家培养高层次创新人才。

　　我的研究方向是结构生物学，简而言之就是利用结构生物学技术和手段，研究重要生物大分子的结构和功能。疫情期间，结构生物学家攻坚克难，为新冠疫苗研发、抗病毒药物设计提供了重要的理论基础，也是从那时起，我深刻意识到自己研究方向的重大意义。未来，我将认真学习贯彻党的二十大精神，深入思考如何将结构生物学与病原致病及免疫机制研究、宿主抗病机制及抗病育种研究、新型疫苗与诊断技术创新研究等方向相结合，为重要动物疫病、人畜共患病防控提供理论和技术支撑。

　　作为高校青年教师，我们要始终牢记党和人民赋予的光荣使命和艰巨任务，立大志、明大德、成大才、担大任，敢想敢为又善作善成，直面问题、迎难而上，瞄准世界科技前沿，勇做新时代科技创新的排头兵，为建设世界科技强国作出自己的贡献。

　　（光明日报记者宋喜群、王冰雅采访整理）

　　《光明日报》（ 2022年12月20日 05版）